A section of people in India are still without food. Explain? - Economics

Despite achieving self-sufficiency in food production, a section of people in India are still without food (food insecure) due to the following reasons:

1. Low Purchasing Power: Many people live below the poverty line and do not have enough income to afford even the subsidized food grains provided by the government.

2. Inefficiency of PDS: In some regions, the Public Distribution System (PDS) is inefficient. Ration shops are sometimes closed, or the quality of food grains provided is very poor.

3. Lack of Land Ownership: In rural areas, a large number of people are landless labourers. Without land or a steady income, they cannot ensure food for their families.

4. Inequality in Distribution: While food production is high, its distribution is unequal. Surplus food is often concentrated in certain states, while others face deficits.

5. Social Discrimination: People belonging to certain social groups (SCs, STs, and some OBCs) often face social barriers that limit their access to resources and employment, leading to food insecurity.

6. Casual Nature of Work: Urban casual labourers and seasonal workers in rural areas do not have a regular income, making them vulnerable to hunger during periods when work is not available.

7. Wastage of Grains: Huge quantities of food grains stored in government granaries often rot or are eaten by rats due to poor storage facilities, while people go hungry.

8. High Inflation: Rising prices of essential food items like pulses and vegetables make it difficult for the poor to maintain a nutritious diet.