Why are forests affected by wars? - India And The Contemporary World – I

Forests are affected by wars for the following reasons:

1. "Scorched Earth" Policy: During wars, retreating armies often destroy resources to prevent the enemy from using them. For example, in Java during World War II, the Dutch followed a "scorched earth" policy, destroying sawmills and burning huge piles of giant teak logs so that they would not fall into Japanese hands.

2. Reckless Exploitation: Occupying forces often exploit forests recklessly to support their war efforts. The Japanese, during their occupation of Indonesia, forced villagers to cut down forests for war industries, leading to massive deforestation.

3. Expansion of Agriculture: Wars can break down forest administration. People may use the opportunity to expand cultivation into the forest. After the war, it becomes difficult for the forest department to get this land back.